Product types

What the words on a menu mean, written for someone choosing in an unfamiliar country.

Strengths vary enormously between products and countries, and the numbers below are typical ranges rather than promises. A menu always beats a guide: read the label, and ask staff what a serving is.

Flower (bud)

The dried flower of the plant, sold loose by weight and usually smoked or vaporised.

Typical strength
Commonly 15–25% THC, occasionally above 30%.
How long it takes
Within minutes, easing after 1–3 hours.

Sold by the gram almost everywhere. The strain name tells you far less than the tested percentage on the label.

Pre-rolls

Flower already rolled and ready to smoke.

Typical strength
The same as the flower inside — check the gram weight, typically 0.5–1g.
How long it takes
Within minutes.

Convenient, and the easiest way to buy a small, known amount. Some are infused with concentrate and are far stronger than they look.

Edibles

Food or drink containing cannabis — gummies, chocolate, baked goods, drinks.

Typical strength
Sold per piece, often 2.5–10mg THC. A whole pack may hold 100mg.
How long it takes
30 minutes to 2 hours, lasting 4–8 hours.

The one category people most often get wrong. The delay tempts a second dose before the first has arrived. Take one serving and wait two hours.

Concentrates (extracts)

Cannabis resin extracted into wax, shatter, rosin or live resin.

Typical strength
60–90% THC — several times the potency of flower.
How long it takes
Seconds to minutes.

Intended for experienced use and specific equipment. A portion looks tiny compared with flower because it is.

Vapes

A cartridge or pen holding cannabis oil, heated rather than burned.

Typical strength
Usually 60–90% THC in the oil.
How long it takes
Within minutes.

Discreet and easy to over-do, because a draw takes a second and there is no visible amount to gauge. Note that vaping is banned in some places where smoking is not.

Hash

Compressed resin, traditional across Morocco, Spain, the Netherlands and South Asia.

Typical strength
20–60% THC depending on the method.
How long it takes
Within minutes.

Traditional hash and modern extracts differ enormously in strength — ask which you are being sold.

Capsules

Measured oral doses in a pill, common in medical programmes.

Typical strength
Precisely labelled, often 2.5–10mg per capsule.
How long it takes
30 minutes to 2 hours, like an edible.

The most predictable format, because the dose is fixed and stated.

Oils and tinctures

Liquid cannabis extract taken by dropper, usually under the tongue.

Typical strength
Labelled per millilitre or per drop; ranges widely.
How long it takes
15–45 minutes under the tongue, longer if swallowed.

The dominant medical format in many countries, and often the only legal one.

Topicals

Creams, balms and patches applied to the skin.

Typical strength
Varies; most are not intended to reach the bloodstream.
How long it takes
Local effect within the hour.

Usually the least restricted category, and the only one that is not intoxicating when used as intended.

CBD-only products

Products with cannabidiol and little or no THC.

Typical strength
THC typically capped by law at 0.2–1% depending on the country.
How long it takes
Depends on the format.

Legal in many places where THC is not — but the threshold differs by country, and a product legal at home may not be legal on arrival.

This page explains terminology only. Whether any of these may be bought, carried or consumed depends entirely on where you are — check the rules for that place first.